19 Şubat 2018 Pazartesi

Hints from a Course - Simten Coşar

Political Science as a discipline pushes its students to take political thought and political theory—maleist in their modern constitutions—as indispensible baselines in understanding and explaining the socio-political happenings. This is so even though one does not conform to mainstream political science. This has been the case for me. I always thought that we should not dismiss such a baseline. On the other hand, rather than talking and explaining politics in mainstream style in the courses I struggled hard to articulate the knowledge of everyday into the knowledge of the course, to reveal the eventual connection between the everyday knowledge and the course knowledge: Holding fast to theory and abstraction while attending to talk through everyday course of politics; attending to preserving the fragile connection in between the two. But according to one form of knowing, these two spheres—sphere of everyday and sphere of abstraction—have always been intertwined. To put it as it is: Nothing would become without abstraction as nothing does so without narration. It exists for sure, but  its knowledge does not. Such a connection is what I am talking about.

Those without abstraction, and thus without the knowledge through narration are locked into chronological casting; they exist as technical information, info from within lists. Although they stand somewhere in and through the life it seems that they do so separate from our relations. It seems such.

When I had such considerations I had not yet stepped into teaching graduate courses. I was then trying to find the ways to invite the students to give up memorizing the reading material in courses on Introduction to Political Science, History of Political Thought and Political Theory and opt for approaching the reading material in their everyday experiences, and looking at their everyday life experiences through the reading material; actually trying to make them play with the idea that the reading material is part of their everyday life—in practice. One method that I resorted most—not that I invented, but one that I learned from those who happened to ask similar questions—is looking at news in newspapers, weekly and/or monthly journals and writing reviews that focus on the connections between the news and the course themes with a view to the reading material.  Thus, they felt that it is necessary to read the course material with an eye on the news. But it was not possible to track whether they continued from the contemporary to the everyday.

More precisely, I had to wait to offer an elective course on Women’s Movement in Turkey in order to focus on the transition from the contemporary to the everyday. It was a course for third and fourth grades in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at a foundation university in Turkey. There were—if I am not mistaken—seven students enrolled, in the beginning. Then the number dropped down to four. That was great. And better still was that the course was—surprisingly—not cancelled. In the course, we searched for the ways to read the knowledge of the contemporary through the reading material from within everyday life. And for this we resorted to journals. We carried the difference in English between ‘journal’ and ‘diary’ to one between ‘journal’ and the ‘contemporary’—It did not fit perfectly; but we continued. As the title and scope of the course integrated with the connections of the students with feminism we started to learn how to write the journals so as to enable the students to ‘come to voice’, without dispensing with the knowledge in the reading material.

I always learned from the courses I taught. In some I learned a lot; there have also been some which  barely contributed to my knowledge pack. Some were unique in their teaching. Women’s Movement in Turkey was a turning point in this respect. Because it helped me to figure out a path that I had been looking for: It helped me to draw a path that would host the abstraction from within the moment. This was a path that would unfold to new directions, where we would retreat from certain forms of writing and collective production, and where we would change some of the forms in the following year.

The way we form wordly connections with the happenings in our lives works in different forms. When this difference is multiplied by diverse styles of writing it becomes harder to find common grounds for writing as a collaborative process. For me the common ground is the heavily loaded, rather thick nature of the political science courses—this is a disciplinary impasse. You cannot eliminate it, you can just mask it. In the Women’s Movement course as we were trying to turn the knowledge of the everyday into an experience on the common grounds that we fetched from the reading material we also attempted to transliterate the reading material into our own words.  We did so through journals and daily notes. We progressed sometimes through long explanations, sharing the intimate, frustrations with the reading material, outright rejection of the related everyday happenings. And sometimes we just leaned on a couple of sentences as notes: Each and every one has her own way of explaining, wording the everyday.


As the casting above—insufficient, because it cannot go beyond my account so long as I do not identify its hidden subjects—was coming into being I certainly had Roland Barthes’ Writing Degree Zero on my side. I kept reading the part on writing politics (‘Political Modes of Writing). As the students faced with difficulties in wording the everyday through writing, as they tended to frustration I leaned on that short piece: ‘Writing … is always rooted in something beyond language, it develops like a seed, not like a line, it manifests an essence and holds the trheat of a secret, it is an anti-communication, it is intimidating’ (Barthes, p. 20). Overcoming the threatening, intimidating side of it aside, is it possible to appeal to the journals, to daily notes and comments that spread through everyday life without falling into the trap of pouring all the secrets, all that is personal into the common space? My assumption has so far been positive. The courses that I offered and taught have never thematized authoring and writing. Thus the ‘anti-communication’ texts have never been subjected to the literary credentials; nor they have been subjected to the expectations of a supposed audience. Thus they could be transformed into texts formed essentially with a view to whom the writers wish to appeal, how they wish to connect with their addressees, and when and for how long. One way of achieving this might be through collaborative work with due attention to preserving the space for solitude as an essential part of writing texts.

But I had not yet met with (auto-)ethnography; nor could I consider the possibility of collaborative (auto-)ethnography. Besides, I was yet to read Hannah Arendt’s Rahel Varnhagen. I was lucky to have met Paul Freire; but I was too late to bell hooks’ Teaching to Transgress. And we have not yet stepped into the period when it is ever more harder and increasingly futile to write political through the mediation of everyday; when writing political risks being locked into chronological accounts. This being the state of affairs today might connote that we are too late in ‘transgressing.‘

This lateness aside, I could just recently observe the coexistence and at times mutual exclusion of two forms of writing in one narration in Arendt’s Varnhagen: One that belongs to Arendt, writing through Varnhagen’s letters and diaries. And the second one that springs directly from Varnhagen’s writing, that tells the personal but that does not (wish to) stay personal since there is always someone whom it addresses. In that process I had not yet recognized the significance of the political grounds that bonds the two different women’s narrations, intertwoven through the shuttling between the private and the public, of accounts.


In 2017 when I was trying to forge a similar path in a graduate course I had the conviction that such a grounds could offer us the means to see the coexitsence of narrations that are differentiated from each other in historical, institutional, cultural and rather personal terms. The field notes here, constituted by journal entries and related everyday notes came into being along this path. Among the items in the ‘contract’ that we made with the students, enrolled in the graduate course (Feminism, Peace and War: Intersectionalities) that I taught at the Institute of Political Economy at Carleton University in Fall 2017 was writing journals. Among the students women considerably outnumbered men. The levels of the students were significantly different. So were their approaches… This was to do with the differences in the social science disciplines that they were affiliated. And certainly, gender difference, ethnic identity difference, and socio-economic difference were all effective …

Roughly I can offer a threefold categorization for the way the students wrote the journals: First there is a form of narration that convey the knowledge of the reading material with a slight touch on the everyday in an entirely formal style, and mostly in conventional political science format. Such accounts guarantee a reasonable grade; they can be located in tactics to tentatively overcome the continuous insecurity that has been around for some time. Another form of narration runs through fragmentary connections. Fragmentary examples from the everyday sphere are combined with interrupted selections from reading material into discontinuous sentences. In today’s academia where every level academic education is turned into a matter of labour market and thus where a majority of students are at the same time actual workers this interruption and discontinuity in writing is not surprising. The third form is composed of narrations in the form narrating the everyday through the reading material and the reading material through one’s everyday experiences. These are the ones that extend the everyday through time, that offer the space for it to find its own historicity and that get into dialogue with the reading material through this historicity. Such narrations contain considerable potential for creative texts. Thus they happened to contribute to the course with such a potential: The notes that the students took in their journals on their everyday, and in their everyday encounters with a view to the reading material were transliterated into field notes for alternative course structures: They fuelled the ‘excitement … generated through collective effort’ (hooks, p. 8).


The journals that we share in this blog are examples of this third category. They contain the narrations that have the potential to transform the course into a field. Certainly, in terms of quantity, extent and in terms of the period they are formed, they do not exemplify such a transformation on their own. But as models for intertwining the knowledge of everyday with theoretical knowledge, as models for forming an institutional affiliation individually and collectively through the dynamism of the everyday sphere, they show that a course on theory need not be restricted to in-class activity.

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